Letsatsi la poso: 27 Tšitoe, 2021

Lebitso "ke" kelignin, e leng teng ka ho pharaletseng liseleng tsa limela tsa lifate, litlama, le limela tsohle tsa methapo le limela tse ling tse nang le lignified, 'me li phetha karolo ea ho matlafatsa lisele tsa limela.

"Skeleton ea semela" ea "me"

Ka tlhaho, "I" e lula e le selulose le hemicellulose, e sebetsa hammoho ho haha ​​​​marapo a semela.Batho ba nkarola ka mefuta e meraro:lehong le thata la lignin, conifer ligninlelitlama lignin.Ka kakaretso, "I" e ajoa khafetsa liseleng tsa limela.Motsoako oa "I" ka har'a sekhahla sa li-intercellular ke tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa, mahloriso a lera le ka hare la lerako la bobeli ke la bobeli, 'me mahloriso ka hare ho sele ke a fokolang.E le mohloli oa boraro o moholo ka ho fetisisa oa tlhaho oa tlhaho, le hoja "I" e ne e sebelisoa ke batho lilemong tse likete tse fetileng, ha e e-s'o sebelisoe haholo ho fihlela joale.

"Ke" tlhahisong ea indasteri

Chaena, "I" e ka saloa morao ho qaptjoa ha pampiri.Sepheo sa pulping le papermaking ke ho boloka cellulose le hemicellulose le ho tlosa "I".Lisebelisoa tse tala li kenyelletsa joang ba koro, lehlaka la raese, lehlaka, 'moba, joalo-joalo Palo e kholo ea "I" e hlahisoang ke indasteri ea pampiri ea setso ea Chaena e teng mokelikeli oa litšila oa pampiri,' me ho tsoa ka ho toba ho tla baka mathata a tebileng a tšilafalo, 'me palo e kholo. metsi a litšila e se e le bothata bo boholo ho hloekisoeng ha metsi a litšila malapeng.

Ho na le lintlha tse peli tsa mantlha tsa liindasteri tse amanang le kantle ho naha.Ka lehlakoreng le leng, "I" ka lehong e arohane le hydrolysis ea lehong;ka lehlakoreng le leng, e reretsoe bothata ba metsi a litšila ba indasteri ea pampiri.Linaha tsa linaha tse ling li thehile mekhoa ea ho hloekisa metsi ka lepolanka ho etsa pampiri.Ntlha ea pele, "I" e ka har'a mokelikeli oa litšila e tsosolosoa ke alkali, 'me e khutlisitsoeng ke sebelisoa bakeng sa ho chesa le ho fana ka matla.Sena se finyelloa ka tekanyo e khōlō ka ho fetisisa motheong oa ho rarolla bothata ba tšilafalo.E boloka matla.

Karohano le tlhahiso ea "I"

E le ho ntlafatsa tšebeliso e atlehang ea "I", bo-rasaense ba malapeng le linaheng tse ling ba ithuta ka mafolofolo ho arohana le ho ntša "I".Tlhahisong ea indasteri, ka kakaretso re arohanngoa le ho ntšoa ha selulose e sebelisoa.Ho ea ka pono ea lipatlisiso tsa saense, batho ba arola 'me ba ntša "I" e le hore ba fumane lisampole tse nang le bohloeki bo phahameng, kapa lisampole tse nang le mehaho le thepa e itseng.

Ka kakaretso, ho na le mefuta e 'meli e meholo ea karohano ea "I": e 'ngoe ke ho qhaqha likarolo tse ling ntle le' na 'meleng oa semela, ebe o sefa ho arola "I" e sa tsitsang.Mohlala o tloaelehileng ke indastering ea hydrolysis ea lehong.The element e hydrolyzed ho glucose tlas'a ketso ea acid, 'me "I" e arotsoe e le masala a hydrolysis;e 'ngoe ke ho qhaqha "I"' meleng oa semela, ho arola likarolo tse ling ebe o potlakela ho fumana "I".

Mofuta oa ho qetela oa karohano o tloaelehile ts'ebetsong ea pulping ea ho etsa pampiri.E arotsoe ka mefuta e 'meli ea mekhoa ea karohano."I" ea mantlha e entsoe ka sulfonated ka har'a metsi a qhibilihanglignosulfonate, ebe o phekoloa ka lebese la lime, "I" e ka senyeha;ea ho qetela e phehiloe ka soda e tenya ea caustic mocheso o phahameng, kapa joang bo khaotsoeng ba reisi kapa joang ba koro.Fetola "I" hore e be alkaline "I", sefa selulose, 'me joale asiti e phekole tharollo e setseng ho fokotsa "I".

"Botho ba boraro" ba "I" le tse ngata tse khethehileng

"I" ke polyphenol three-dimensional network polymer compound e nang le phenylpropane e le setsi sa moralo.E na le botho ba makhetlo a mararo (ke hore, mehaho e meraro ea motheo): sebopeho sa guaiacyl, sebopeho sa syringyl le sebopeho sa p-hydroxyphenyl.I Sebopeho sa likarolo se fapana ho ea ka mefuta ea limela le mekhoa ea ho arohana.

Ho na le lihlopha tse ngata tse sebetsang sebopeho sa "I" (lihlopha tse nkhang hamonate, lihlopha tsa phenolic hydroxyl, lihlopha tsa joala tsa hydroxyl, lihlopha tsa carbonyl, lihlopha tsa methoxy, lihlopha tsa carboxyl, lihlopha tsa aldehyde, li-conjugated bond tse peli le lihlopha tse ling tse sebetsang), tse nolofalletsang "I. ” ho etsa liphetoho tse fapaneng tsa lik'hemik'hale, joalo ka: oxidation, phokotso, hydrolysis, alcoholysis, acidolysis, photolysis, acylation, alkylation, nitration, etherification, sulfonation, polycondensation kapa graft copolymerization.

Resin e entsoeng ka "I" kaha thepa e tala e theko e tlaase ho feta phenolic resin ha ho etsoa likarolo tse bōpiloeng ka kakaretso, 'me e na le boleng bo itseng ba indasteri.Holigninlatex e kopantsoeng ke "I" le latex ea tlhaho ea rabara, "I" e sebetsa e le ntho e matlafatsang, ka hona e nkela sebaka sa carbon black e theko e boima le ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa lihlahisoa tsa rabara."I" e ka boela ea sebelisoa e le lisebelisoa tse tala bakeng sa tlhahiso ea lik'hemik'hale tsa oli ho ntlafatsa sekhahla sa ho hlaphoheloa ha oli le boleng ba oli ea merafo ea oli.

Ho phaella moo, "I" e ka boela ea sebelisoa e le li-surfactants, li-additives tsa manyolo, likokoana-hloko tse fokotsang butle-butle, balaoli ba kholo ea limela, joalo-joalo Ka ho teba ha lipatlisiso tsa saense, ke tla ba le menyetla e mengata ea ho bontša bokhoni ba ka.