Ligninbubutyebi besibini ngobuninzi obunokuhlaziywa ngokwendalo.Ikho ngezixa ezikhulu kulwelo lwenkunkuma etyhaphaza, isixa esincinci kakhulu esiphinda sisetyenziswe kwakhona siphinde sisetyenziswe, kwaye yonke enye ikhutshelwa kwindalo, ibangele ungcoliseko olumandla lwendalo esingqongileyo.Kwibutho lanamhlanje, ukunqongophala kwemithombo nongcoliso lwemekobume kuye kwaba yingxaki ezimbini ezinkulu ekufuneka ibutho labantu lizicombulule ngokungxamisekileyo.Ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esikhethekileyo, i-lignin iye yaphuhliswa kwaye isetyenziswa njengento esisiseko kwishishini lemichiza.Ukudibanisa okugqibeleleyo kweenzuzo zentlalo kunye nezoqoqosho kuye kwafezekiswa, kwaye imeko yokuphumelela ifunyenwe.

Ubume beligniniyinkimbinkimbi, kwaye ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo sayo kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesityalo kunye nendlela yokwahlukana.Ngoko ke, iligninUlwakhiwo lwemithombo yokhuni oluqinileyo yahlukile kwizityalo ezikhula ngezityalo kunye nezityalo zonyaka.Nangona kunjalo, iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwahlula ziya kubangela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-lignin.I-Sulfite pulping inokuvelisa i-solublelignosulfonates, kunye ne-kraft pulping phantsi kweemeko ze-alkaline inokuvelisa i-lignin enganyibilikiyo emanzini kodwa i-soluble kwi-alkali.I-sulfate lignin kunye ne-alkali lignin, ezi lignin zingowona mthombo uphambili wezinto eziluhlaza zoshishino.Phakathi kwazo zonke ii-lignin, i-sulfate lignin ithathwa njengento efanelekileyo ekrwada ukuveliswa kweenkuni zokhuni.

Isakhiwo se-lignin siqulethe amaqela amaninzi asebenzayo, kwaye i-lignin ngokwayo kunye neemveliso zayo ezilungisiweyo zisetyenziswe kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo.Kwi-samente kunye nobunjineli bokwakha, i-lignosulfonate inokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo i-fluidity ye-samente kwaye iyona nto isetyenzisiweyo yokunciphisa amanzi ekhonkrithi.Okwangoku, malunga ne-50% yayo iveliswa yinkqubo yokwahlula i-pulping kunye ne-papermaking.I-Lignosulfonateszisetyenziswa njengezongezo zesamente.

Ngokwezichumisi zebhayoloji, isakhiwo se-lignin siqulethe izinto ezifunekayo ekukhuleni kwezityalo.Ezi zondlo zinokukhutshwa ngokukhawuleza njengoko i-lignin ngokwayo ithotywa, ngoko inokusetyenziswa njengesichumiso esisebenzayo esilawulwayo.I-Lignin inokudityaniswa neekhemikhali kunye neemolekyuli ze-pesticide ngokusebenzisa i-chemical reactions elula, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa njenge-carrier ye-pesticides-release-release-release-deep-deep effect of pesticide application, ukuze ikwazi ukuphumeza umphumo wokulawula izinambuzane phantsi. iimeko zedosi encinci.Ukunciphisa ukungcoliseka kwendalo okubangelwa kukusetyenziswa ngokungekho ngqiqweni kwezibulali-zinambuzane nokunciphisa iindleko zokufaka imichiza.

Kunyango lwamanzi, amashishini ahlukeneyoligninkunye neemveliso zabo eziguquliweyo zineempawu ezintle zokubhengeza, azinako nje ukubhengeza i-ion zesinyithi, kodwa zingasetyenziselwa ukubhengeza i-anion, i-organics kunye nezinye izinto emanzini, ngaloo ndlela zihlambulula umgangatho wamanzi.