Idethi Yokuthumela:10, Nov,2025

Umthamo we-admixtures awulona inani elinqunyiwe futhi udinga ukulungiswa ngokuguquguqukayo ngokuya ngezimpawu zezinto ezingavuthiwe, uhlobo lwephrojekthi kanye nezimo zemvelo.

(1) Umthelela wezakhiwo zikasimende Ukwakheka kwezimbiwa, ukucoleka kanye nohlobo lwe-gypsum lukasimende kunquma ngokuqondile izidingo zengxubevange. Usimende onokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-C3A (>8%) unamandla okukhangisa aqinile wezinciphisi zamanzi futhi umthamo udinga ukunyuswa ngo-10-20%. Njalo lapho kukhuphuka ngo-50m2/kg endaweni ethile kasimende, umthamo wokunciphisa amanzi udinga ukukhushulwa ngo-0.1-0.2% ukuze umboze indawo enkulu. Ngosimende one-anhydrite (okuqukethwe kwe-dihydrate gypsum <50%), izinga le-adsorption yokunciphisa amanzi lihamba kancane futhi umthamo ungancishiswa ngo-5-10%, kodwa isikhathi sokuxuba sidinga ukunwetshwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhlakazeka okufanayo.

(2) Ithonya lama-mineral admixtures Izici ze-adsorption ze-admixtures zamaminerali ezifana nomlotha wempukane kanye ne-slag powder zizoshintsha ukugxila okusebenzayo kwezingxube. Umthamo we-adsorption we-Class I fly ash (isilinganiso sesidingo samanzi ≤ 95%) sabanciphisi bamanzi singama-30-40% kuphela kasimende. Lapho kushintsha i-20% kasimende, umthamo wokunciphisa amanzi ungancishiswa ngo-5-10%. Lapho indawo ethize ye-slag powder ingaphezu kuka-450m2/kg, umthamo we-admixture udinga ukukhushulwa ngo-5-8% uma ushintsha u-40% kasimende. Uma umlotha wempukane kanye nempushana ye-slag ixutshwe ngesilinganiso esingu-1:1 (inani eliphelele lokushintsha elingu-50%), umthamo wokunciphisa amanzi ungancishiswa ngo-3-5% uma uqhathaniswa nesistimu ye-slag powder eyodwa ngenxa yezici ezihambisanayo zokukhanga kokubili. Ngenxa yendawo enkulu ethize ye-silica fume (>15000m2/kg), umthamo wokunciphisa amanzi udinga ukunyuswa ngo-0.2-0.3% kuwo wonke ama-10% kasimende ashintshwayo.

(3) Umthelela wezakhiwo ezihlanganisiwe Okuqukethwe kodaka nokusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiyana kweqoqo kuyizisekelo ezibalulekile zokulungisa umthamo. Kuwo wonke ukwanda kwe-1% kokuqukethwe kothuli lwamatshe (<0.075mm izinhlayiya) esihlabathini, umthamo wokunciphisa amanzi kufanele ukhuliswe ngo-0.05-0.1%, njengoba isakhiwo esinezimbotshana zothuli lwamatshe luzomunca ingxube. Uma okuqukethwe kwe-aggregate efana nenaliti kanye ne-flake kudlula i-15%, umthamo wokunciphisa amanzi kufanele unyuswe ngo-10-15% ukuze kuqinisekiswe i-encapsulation. Ukwandisa ubukhulu bezinhlayiyana ze-aggregate eqinile ukusuka ku-20mm ukuya ku-31.5mm kunciphisa isilinganiso esingenalutho, futhi umthamo ungancishiswa ngo-5-8%.
Umthamo we-admixtures awulona inani elinqunyiwe futhi udinga ukulungiswa ngokuguquguqukayo ngokuya ngezimpawu zezinto ezingavuthiwe, uhlobo lwephrojekthi kanye nezimo zemvelo.

(1)Ithonya lezakhiwo zikasimende Ukwakheka kwezimbiwa, ukucoleka kanye nohlobo lwe-gypsum lukasimende kunquma ngokuqondile izidingo zengxubevange. Usimende onokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-C3A (>8%) unamandla okukhangisa aqinile wezinciphisi zamanzi futhi umthamo udinga ukunyuswa ngo-10-20%. Njalo lapho kukhuphuka ngo-50m2/kg endaweni ethile kasimende, umthamo wokunciphisa amanzi udinga ukukhushulwa ngo-0.1-0.2% ukuze umboze indawo enkulu. Ngosimende one-anhydrite (okuqukethwe kwe-dihydrate gypsum <50%), izinga le-adsorption yokunciphisa amanzi lihamba kancane futhi umthamo ungancishiswa ngo-5-10%, kodwa isikhathi sokuxuba sidinga ukunwetshwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhlakazeka okufanayo.

(2)Ithonya lezixube zamaminerali Izici zokukhangayo zezingxube zamaminerali ezifana nomlotha wempukane kanye nempushana ye-slag zizoshintsha ukugxila okusebenzayo kwezingxube. Umthamo we-adsorption we-Class I fly ash (isilinganiso sesidingo samanzi ≤ 95%) sabanciphisi bamanzi singama-30-40% kuphela kasimende. Lapho kushintsha i-20% kasimende, umthamo wokunciphisa amanzi ungancishiswa ngo-5-10%. Lapho indawo ethize ye-slag powder ingaphezu kuka-450m2/kg, umthamo we-admixture udinga ukukhushulwa ngo-5-8% uma ushintsha u-40% kasimende. Uma umlotha wempukane kanye nempushana ye-slag ixutshwe ngesilinganiso esingu-1:1 (inani eliphelele lokushintsha elingu-50%), umthamo wokunciphisa amanzi ungancishiswa ngo-3-5% uma uqhathaniswa nesistimu ye-slag powder eyodwa ngenxa yezici ezihambisanayo zokukhanga kokubili. Ngenxa yendawo enkulu ethize ye-silica fume (>15000m2/kg), umthamo wokunciphisa amanzi udinga ukunyuswa ngo-0.2-0.3% kuwo wonke ama-10% kasimende ashintshwayo.

(3) Umthelela wezakhiwo ezihlanganisiwe Okuqukethwe kodaka nokusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiyana kweqoqo kuyizisekelo ezibalulekile zokulungisa umthamo. Kuwo wonke ukwanda kwe-1% kokuqukethwe kothuli lwamatshe (<0.075mm izinhlayiya) esihlabathini, umthamo wokunciphisa amanzi kufanele ukhuliswe ngo-0.05-0.1%, njengoba isakhiwo esinezimbotshana zothuli lwamatshe luzomunca ingxube. Uma okuqukethwe kwe-aggregate efana nenaliti kanye ne-flake kudlula i-15%, umthamo wokunciphisa amanzi kufanele unyuswe ngo-10-15% ukuze kuqinisekiswe i-encapsulation. Ukwandisa ubukhulu bezinhlayiyana ze-aggregate eqinile ukusuka ku-20mm ukuya ku-31.5mm kunciphisa isilinganiso esingenalutho, futhi umthamo ungancishiswa ngo-5-8%.