Umthelela kasimende nokuhambisana kwe-admixture kukhwalithi yekhonkrithi

(1) Uma okuqukethwe kwe-alkali kusimende kuphezulu, ukumanzi kukakhonkolo kuzokwehla futhi ukulahleka kokuwohloka kuzokwanda ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikakhulukazi uma kusetshenziswa ama-agent okunciphisa amanzi ane-sulfate ephansi. Umphumela ubonakala ngokucacile, kuyilapho i-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-sulfate ingathuthukisa kakhulu lesi simo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-calcium sulfate equkethwe kuma-ejenti okunciphisa amanzi aphansi-concentration ikhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa kanye ne-neutralization, futhi ine-solubility enhle kakhulu yamanzi. Ngakho-ke, uma usebenzisa usimende we-alkali ephezulu, ukwengeza inani elithile le-sodium sulfate kanye ne-hydroxyhydroxy acid retarders kasawoti lapho kuhlanganiswa i-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi kuzothuthukisa uketshezi kanye nokwehla kukakhonkolo.

(2) Uma okuqukethwe kwe-alkali kusimende kuphezulu futhi nenani le-pH le-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi ye-polycarboxylate liphansi, ukhonkolo uzoqala ukukhiqiza ukusabela kokungathathi hlangothi kwe-acid-base. Ngeke nje izinga lokushisa likakhonkolo likhuphuke, kodwa futhi lizosheshisa ukugeleza kukasimende. I-fluidity kanye nokuwa kukakhonkolo kuzobonisa ukulahlekelwa okukhulu ngesikhathi esifushane. Ngakho-ke, lapho uhlangabezana nosimende ofanayo, kungcono ukungasebenzisi i-citric acid retarders kodwa kunalokho usebenzise i-alkaline retarders, njenge-sodium hexametaphosphate, i-sodium polyphosphate, njll, esebenza kangcono.

(3) Uma okuqukethwe kwe-alkali kusimende kuphansi, uketshezi lukakhonkolo nalo lubuthaka uma kuqhathaniswa. Umphumela wokwandisa umthamo ngokufanelekile awubonakali kahle, futhi ukhonkolo ujwayele ukopha kwamanzi. Isizathu esiyinhloko salesi simo ukuthi okuqukethwe kwe-sulfate ion kusimende ayanele, okunciphisa umphumela wokuvimbela ukugeleza kwe-tricalcium aluminate kusimende. Ngalesi sikhathi, inani elithile lama-sulfate njenge-sodium thiosulfate kufanele lengezwe ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa ukuze kufakwe i-alkali encibilikayo kusimende.

(4) Lapho ukhonkolo ukhipha udaka oluphuzi, unemigodi eminingi namabhamuza, kunganqunywa ngokuyisisekelo ukuthi utshwala noma usimende kunzima ukuzivumelanisa nokukodwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-ethers, i-esters, i-aliphatic nezinye iziphuzo zomama ezihlukene zingahlanganiswa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyadingeka ukuthi ucabangele ukunciphisa inani lotshwala omama olwehlisa amanzi ahlanzekile, wengeze i-melamine ne-sodium hexametaphosphate bese usebenzisa inani elifanele le-ejenti yokukhipha amagwebu. Gwema ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo efana nama-thickeners. Ukusebenzisa ama-thickeners ngeke kwenze amabhamuza aphume, okuholela ekutheni kube nokuqukethwe komoya ngokweqile, ukuminyana kukakhonkolo okuncishisiwe kanye nokuncipha kwamandla okusobala. Uma kunesidingo, i-tannic acid noma i-yellow lead ingafakwa.

(5) Lapho ingxenye ekhipha amagwebu yosizo lokugaya kusimende iphakeme, ukhonkolo uvame ukuba phuzi futhi isimo siba mbi kakhulu ngemva kokuthula cishe imizuzwana eyi-10. Ngezinye izikhathi kukholelwa ngephutha ukuthi izinga lokunciphisa amanzi lokunciphisa amanzi liphezulu kakhulu noma umoya omningi wengezwa ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa. Eqinisweni, kuyinkinga ngosizo lokugaya usimende. Lapho uhlangabezana nale nkinga, i-defoamer kufanele isetshenziswe ngokusho kwenani le-foaming losizo lokugaya, futhi i-ejenti yokungenisa umoya ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa.