Impembelelo yesamente kunye nokuhambelana kwe-admixture kumgangatho wekhonkrithi

(1) Xa umxholo we-alkali kwi-samente uphezulu, i-fluidity yekhonkrithi iya kuncipha kwaye ilahleko ye-slump iya kwanda ngokuhamba kwexesha, ngakumbi xa usebenzisa i-agent yokunciphisa amanzi kunye nomxholo ophantsi we-sulfate. Isiphumo sibonakala ngakumbi, ngelixa i-agent yokunciphisa amanzi enomxholo ophezulu we-sulfate inokuphucula kakhulu le meko. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-calcium sulfate equlethwe kwi-agent ephantsi yokunciphisa amanzi iveliswa ngexesha le-synthesis kunye ne-neutralization, kwaye ine-solubility egqwesileyo yamanzi. Ngoko ke, xa usebenzisa i-samente ephezulu ye-alkali, ukongeza umlinganiselo othile we-sodium sulfate kunye ne-hydroxyhydroxy acid retarders yetyuwa xa udibanisa i-arhente yokunciphisa amanzi kuya kuphucula umbane kunye nokuchithwa kwekhonkrithi.

(2) Xa umxholo we-alkali we-samente uphezulu kwaye ixabiso le-pH le-agent ye-polycarboxylate yokunciphisa amanzi iphantsi, ikhonkrithi iya kuqala ukuvelisa i-acid-base neutralization reaction. Akunakuphela nje ukushisa kwekhonkrithi kuya kunyuka, kodwa kuya kukhawulezisa ukuhanjiswa kwe-samente. I-fluidity kunye ne-slump yekhonkrithi iya kubonisa ilahleko enkulu kakhulu ngexesha elifutshane. Ngoko ke, xa udibana neesamente ezifanayo, kungcono ukuba ungasebenzisi i-citric acid retarders kodwa usebenzisa i-alkaline retarders endaweni, njenge-sodium hexametaphosphate, i-sodium polyphosphate, njl., esebenza ngakumbi.

(3) Xa isiqulatho sealkali kwisamente sisezantsi, ukumanzi kwekhonkrithi nako kubi kakhulu. Isiphumo sokunyusa ngokufanelekileyo idosi ayicacanga kakhulu, kwaye ikhonkrithi ithanda ukopha kwamanzi. Isizathu esona sizathu sale nto kukuba umxholo we-sulfate ion kwi-samente ayanelanga, okunciphisa umphumo wokuvimbela i-hydration ye-tricalcium aluminate kwi-samente. Ngeli xesha, inani elithile le-sulfate njenge-sodium thiosulfate kufuneka lifakwe ngexesha lokudibanisa ukuncedisa i-alkali e-soluble kwi-samente.

4 Ngeli xesha, ii-ethers, i-esters, i-aliphatic kunye nezinye ii-liquors zoomama ezahlukeneyo zinokudityaniswa. Kwangaxeshanye, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela ukunciphisa ubuninzi botywala obucocekileyo bokunciphisa amanzi oomama, ukongeza i-melamine kunye ne-hexametaphosphate ye-sodium kwaye emva koko usebenzisa isixa esifanelekileyo se-agent defoaming. Kuphephe ukusebenzisa iimveliso ezinje ngee-thickeners. Ukusebenzisa i-thickeners akuyi kwenza amaqamza aphume, okukhokelela kumxholo womoya ogqithisileyo, ukuxinana kwekhonkrithi okuncitshisiweyo kunye nokunciphisa amandla okucacileyo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, i-tannic acid okanye i-yellow lead inokongezwa.

5 Ngamanye amaxesha kukholelwa ngephutha ukuba izinga lokunciphisa amanzi okunciphisa amanzi liphezulu kakhulu okanye umoya omninzi wongezwa ngexesha lokudibanisa. Enyanisweni, yingxaki kuncedo lokugaya isamente. Xa uhlangabezana nale ngxaki, i-defoamer kufuneka isetyenziswe ngokwexabiso le-foaming yokuncedisa ukugaya, kwaye i-agent yokungenisa umoya ayikwazi ukusetyenziswa ngexesha lokudibanisa.